Welcome to the course webpage for GEO 280: Planetary Habitability

Class Announcements:

2023-03-11: Here are some papers related to stellar activity: "Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo", "Detection of a Millimeter Flare from Proxima Centauri", "Frequent Flaring in the TRAPPIST-1 System—Unsuited for Life?", "The Stellar Activity of TRAPPIST-1 and Consequences for the Planetary Atmospheres", "Extreme Water Loss and Abiotic O2Buildup on Planets Throughout the Habitable Zones of M Dwarfs", "Impacts of stellar evolution and dynamics on the habitable zone: The role of rotation and magnetic activity", "Radial velocity planet detection biases at the stellar rotational period", "A False Planet around HD 192263", "Stellar Activity Mimics a Habitable-zone Planet around Kapteyn's Star", and "Stellar Activity and Exclusion of the Outer Planet in the HD 99492 System".

2023-03-09: Papers from class today were the Uranus/Neptune paper that quantifies the snowline ("Detecting the signatures of Uranus and Neptune"), a review paper on the Grand Tack model ("The Grand Tack model: a critical review"), the metallicity papers ("The Planet-Metallicity Correlation", "An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities", "Compact Multi-planet Systems are more Common around Metal-poor Hosts"), and the papers describing the effects of giants planets on impacts ("The Influence of Outer Solar System Architecture on the Structure and Evolution of the Oort Cloud", "Jupiter: Cosmic Jekyll and Hyde", "Giant Planets: Good Neighbors for Habitable Worlds?"). Also, take a look at Jonti Horner's description of the Jupiter: Friend or Foe topic.

2023-03-07: Papers mentioned in class today were the review paper "Venus: The Atmosphere, Climate, Surface, Interior and Near-Space Environment of an Earth-Like Planet", and the stagnant-lid paper "Carbon Cycling and Habitability of Earth-Sized Stagnant Lid Planets". Also, here are numerous papers by me that we discussed:

2023-03-01: Check out the following paper regarding the detection of sub-surface oceans: "Constraints on the detection of cryovolcanic plumes on Europa", this paper on the maximum size of moons: "A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets", and these papers regarding energy budgets of moons: "Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating" and "Habitability of Exomoons at the Hill or Tidal Locking Radius". Finally, take a look at Scott Shepphard's web page for more information on solar system moons and latest discoveries.

2023-02-27: Thousands of images of Mars acquired with the HiRISE camera aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) can be found here. An animation that demonstrates atmospheric loss processes on Mars using data from the MAVEN mission is available here. I also suggest reading the following paper regarding MAVEN results: "Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time".

2023-02-20: I encourage reading the following review paper: "The Habitability of Our Earth and Other Earths: Astrophysical, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Limits on Planet Habitability". Also, I recommend the following papers regarding the Moon formation, and references therein: "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation", "Emergence of a Habitable Planet", and "Brief follow-up on recent studies of Theia's accretion". I recommend this biosignatures review paper: "Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life". Regarding the Faint Young Sun Paradox, I suggest reading this paper: "Is the Faint Young Sun Problem for Earth Solved?". Finally, here is Pam's paper that discusses the radiative forcing aspects of Milankovitch cycles: "System Architecture and Planetary Obliquity: Implications for Long-term Habitability".

2023-02-16: The two additional papers discussed in today's class are "Habitable Zone Dependence on Stellar Parameter Uncertainties" and "The Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets (CELESTA): A Database of Habitable Zones Around Nearby Stars".

2023-02-13: A useful resource for telluric line lists can be found in the HITRAN Database.

2023-02-07: The full derivation of obliquity and eccentrcity driven flux variations can be found in "Obliquity and Eccentricity Constraints for Terrestrial Exoplanets". A contrary opinion regarding the benefit of magnetic fields can be found here: "Why an intrinsic magnetic field does not protect a planet against atmospheric escape".

2023-02-06: I highly recommend taking a look at this tutorial on "How to Characterize the Atmosphere of a Transiting Exoplanet". Also, for the coming classes, check out these two relevant papers regarding Habitable Zones.

2023-02-01: There are useful resources regarding planetary interior models at Li Zeng's web site. Also the ExoPlex code by Cayman Unterborn is extremely useful.

Mantle convection simulations by Walter Kiefer and Louise Kellogg can be found here.

Here are some of the mass-radius relationship papers discussed in class:
"The Mass-Radius Relation for 65 Exoplanets Smaller than 4 Earth Radii".
"Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds".

2023-02-01: Paper demonstrating the inversion layer in solar system planets: "Common 0.1bar tropopause in thick atmospheres set by pressure-dependent infrared transparency".

2023-01-16: Interesting review paper on "The Inner Solar System's Habitability Through Time".

2023-01-05: Class announcements will appear here periodically.

Contact details:

  • Instructor: Stephen Kane
  • Office: Pierce Hall 2360
  • Office hours: Wednesdays, 1:00pm-3:00pm
  • Phone: 951-827-6593
  • Email: skane@ucr.edu

Download the class syllabus here.

Class times:

  • Tuesday, 12:30am-1:50am Pierce Hall 2330
  • Thursday, 12:30am-1:50am Pierce Hall 2330

Text:

  • "Planetary Habitability" by Stephen Kane.
  • "Planetary Sciences, Updated Second Edition" by Imke de Pater & Jack Lissauer.
  • I also recommend "Principles of Planetary Climate" by Raymond Pierrehumbert and "Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds" by David Catling & James Kasting.

Useful Links:

Lectures:

Assessment:

  • Homework (30%): There will be three homeworks during the quarter. Most problems will require analytic solutions, however there will usually be one problem per assignment that will involve graphing and numerical solution with computer software such as Mathematica, MATLAB, or any programming language.
  • Paper Discussion (30%): Students will choose a refereed paper to discuss in front of the class, answering questions as they arise. The paper may be from planetary science, exoplanets, biology, geophysics, etc, but must discuss planetary habitability. I recommend using NASA ADS to search for refereed papers with "habitability" in the title.
  • Data Project (30%): Students will be required to complete a project in which they provide a detailed study of a planetary system of their choosing in which at least one planet lies within the Habitable Zone. Exoplanet data are available from the NASA Exoplanet Archive, the Exoplanet Data Explorer, and the Habitable Zone Gallery. Characterization tools are available from the Exoplanet Characterization Toolkit, the Systemic Console, and the Planetary Spectrum Generator. The written report may be up to 6 pages long (including plots). Guidelines on writing lab reports may be found here.

Final Grades:

  • A = 90% to 100%
  • B = 77% to 89%
  • C = 65% to 76%
  • D = 50% to 64%
  • F = below 50%